To be provably secure, it has to utilise 51% of matter-energy kinda like a black hole. If the energy consumption is figured out then it needs something else i.e. matter. I can't see a way out of this circle. Then there's the famous formula E=mc².
Could using non-computing devices solve this problem? Such as storage devices?
Of course, I know that there have been hard disk mining before, but in my opinion they were not successful. There seemed to be some loopholes in the design of the mining algorithm, which caused the storage capacity of the entire network to reach an unrealistic value.
maybe we can solve this problem