Newbies/beginners and senior colleagues too do make this mistake of arguing with people in conversations that are not worth arguing about. Instead of responding to some quote where you were corrected you can just learn and remain silent than make some blind arguments that can lead to more wilder conversation that will either be out of point from the actual discussion.
Most times I see people creating enemies for themselves because they want to prove a point that they know some bull shit.
I will advise my fellow beginners to respect some correction and not make arguments just to prove yourself knowledged. instead of arguing you can just learn without quoting them back and blabbing rubbish. even till now some senior colleagues are still arguing with themselves because they feel they have the knowledge which someone is try to inculcate in them.
If a newbie corrects a higher-ranked member, it might become a matter of ego for the senior member as a person who is known to be senior is considered to have more knowledge and information about certain things and if they are corrected by a junior, they might not feel good about it as it becomes a matter of respect for them. However, if one makes a mistake or doesn't have more knowledge than a junior about a certain thing, there shouldn't be a problem for them to accept it.
That being said, I don't see why a newbie would start arguing if they are corrected by a senior or high-ranked member unless they have solid points that they know more than them and they can prove it using facts, but if that's not the case, they should first do more research and if they find out the other member is correct, they should stay silent and learn from it as you said.