You can get a loan on this forum and the lender does not need to know your identity. You will see services like that on the lending board on this forum. If you have collateral like altcoins, or if you are in a signature campaign, you get a loan on this forum.
But if the loan is through bank or those loaning apps, they will demand for your identity and if you default any loan, you will be reported in a way that other loaning sites and bank will know.
Yeah those loaning apps I think is under the regulation of the central banks in a specific country that is why KYC is important to them. I personally want to try them but I am having second thoughts as well. There are actually a lot of these apps flooding online through ads here in my country but I haven't tried one yet. Even on the lending board haven't tried it as well. I am afraid if I will miss a payment or unable to pay on time. And the sad reality about bank loans is that they need collaterals and has a lot of requirements.