Clearly I don't grasp the entire structure of a BTC transaction as indicated by the fact that I put several "IDK"s in the diagram. Can someone fill in the gaps in my knowledge?
Read this technical article:
https://learnmeabitcoin.com/technical/transaction-dataIt breaks-down every part of the transaction and even has a diagram for you to understand how it works.
For the transaction fee, it's not indicated in the transaction's data.
It's automatically the excess amount from the input's and output's amounts.