Bitcoin according to the original white paper wasn't created as a store of value but as a peer to peer electronic cash. Store of value was like an add on explored later on after its adoption.

About your question, not really into the technicals but the various BIP in bitcoin has peeked my interest as of late.

https://www.npmjs.com/package/@cmdcode/tapscript
Check the above link out
Tagged in a post in Github

This can also serve as a supplement but focused mainly on PSBTs https://lightning.engineering/posts/2023-06-14-virtual-psbt/