Tap root is a significant upgrade with the adoption of bitcoin core version 0.21.0. It introduces several improvements, including enhanced privacy, improved smart contract flexibility and increased efficiency
Tap root address is a pay to public key hash (p2pkh) address that utilizes the new taproot script. Tap root addresses provide increased privacy by allowing multiple parties to collaborate on complex transactions without revealing the details of the transactions script. It also enables more advanced smart contract capabilities. With taproot complex smart contracts can be represented as a single public key, known as taproot key. This shows that more sophisticated transactions can be implemented simply using taproot addresses