Re: [Edukasi] Proses Transaksi & Block di Jaringan Blockchain Bitcoin

● Membuat sebuah Block (Simulasi)

◉ Mendapatkan Block Template

Dengan perintah getblocktemplate yang dijalankan di Bitcoin Core, maka akan didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut :

Code:

"version": 2,
"previousblockhash": "000000000000026188bd555cc63526a178b203bb25089c92cfec223d80cae879",
"transactions":
[{ "hash":"294dda278712c92a93a66a808d2dd165fcd1e594122d1276421a4236f882fd81",
"depends":[],
"fee":200000,
"sigops":8 },
{ "hash":"3a48e391e3ef9725947ca1c5973b602e3ca51e127621a65f43b2cb0455d4e061",
"depends":[],
"fee":0,
"sigops":8 },
{ "hash":"e6c846ba5f855e8d8e6c96051b13cf38cec074cf55c6bd913c4a9322302168c4",
"depends":[],
"fee":10000,
"sigops":8 }],
"coinbaseaux":{"flags":""},
"coinbasevalue":2500210000,
"target":"00000000000002816e0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"mintime":1364232079,
"noncerange":"00000000ffffffff",
"sigoplimit":20000,
"sizelimit":1000000,
"curtime":1364235874,
"bits":"1a02816e",
"height":227988

◉ Membuat Coinbase Transaction

Input pada Coinbase transaction tidak boleh lebih dari 1
Hash dari transaksi yang direferensikan adalah bentuk 32 bytes dari 0x00
Index dari transaksi yang direferensikan adalah ffffffff
Scriptsig merupakan susunan byte dan tidak harus merupakan valid script seperti pada Transaksi non-Coinbase
Scriptsig harus diawali dengan OP_PUSHBYTES dari HEX yang merupakan representasi "Block Height" dalam format Little-Endian

Struktur dari Coinbase Transaction
Version >> Input Count >> Inputs (TXID > Index UTXO > Scriptsig Size > Scriptsig > Sequence) >> Output Count >> Outputs (Value > ScriptPubKey Size > ScriptPubKey) >> Locktime

Version = 1 = 00000001 = 01000000 (4 bytes little-endian)
Input Count = 1 = 01 (1 byte big-endian)
Input TXID = 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 (32 bytes little-endian)
Index UTXO = ffffffff (4 bytes little-endian)
Scriptsig Size = 0e (14 bytes ukuran Scriptsig)
Scriptsig = OP_PUSHBYTES_3 diikuti dengan 947a03 (Hex dari Block height 227988 dalam format little-endian), lalu ditambahkan Hex (data) OP_PUSHBYTES_2 fc0a dan OP_PUSHBYTES_6 2f503253482f

Code:

Scriptsig = OP_PUSHBYTES_3 947a03 OP_PUSHBYTES_2 fc0a OP_PUSHBYTES_6 2f503253482f
Scriptsig = 03947a0302fc0a062f503253482f

Sequence = ffffffff
Output Count = 1 = 01 (1 byte big-endian)
Output Value = 502d069500000000 (8 bytes Hex little-endian yang merepresentasikan coinbasevalue : 2500210000 satoshis)
ScriptPubKey Size = 23 (35 bytes ukuran ScriptPubKey)
ScriptPubKey = OP_PUSHBYTES PubKey OP_CHECKSIG

Code:

ScriptPubKey = OP_PUSHBYTES_33 03e1088f81a94a34eed7103b4d45e21d7425b62ebfaf796196fecc89287a442a67 OP_CHECKSIG
ScriptPubKey = 2103e1088f81a94a34eed7103b4d45e21d7425b62ebfaf796196fecc89287a442a67ac

Locktime = 00000000

Hex Array

Code:

Hash Sha256D (Double-Sha256)

Code:

d93de13f941bce3ad4edc68386db523ca6da029f67f865fa615ccd47c7524c5f

Coinbase TXID (Big-Endian)

Code:

5f4c52c747cd5c61fa65f8679f02daa63c52db8683c6edd43ace1b943fe13dd9

◉ Membuat Merkle Root

Untuk mencari Hash Merkle Tree ketentuannya adalah sebagai berikut :

Merubah masing-masing Hash transaksi dalam format Little-Endian
Memasangkan setiap 2 transaksi lalu dilakukan hash function Double-Sha256, dan dilakukan secara continue sampai didapatkan hash tunggal
Transaksi Coinbase harus selalu di urutan pertama
Jika pada prosesnya ditemukan transaksi yang tidak mendapatkan pasangan, maka akan dipasangkan dengan hash dari transaksi itu sendiri

Diketahui :

List	Hash	Little-Endian
TXID_0 (Coinbase)	5f4c52c747cd5c61fa65f8679f02daa63c52db8683c6edd43ace1b943fe13dd9	d93de13f941bce3ad4edc68386db523ca6da029f67f865fa615ccd47c7524c5f
TXID_1	294dda278712c92a93a66a808d2dd165fcd1e594122d1276421a4236f882fd81	81fd82f836421a4276122d1294e5d1fc65d12d8d806aa6932ac9128727da4d29
TXID_2	294dda278712c92a93a66a808d2dd165fcd1e594122d1276421a4236f882fd81	61e0d45504cbb2435fa62176121ea53c2e603b97c5a17c942597efe391e3483a
TXID_3	e6c846ba5f855e8d8e6c96051b13cf38cec074cf55c6bd913c4a9322302168c4	c468213022934a3c91bdc655cf74c0ce38cf131b05966c8e8d5e855fba46c8e6

Konsep dari Merkle Root

Untuk mencari Hash Merkle Root bisa dengan menggunakan program Python

Code:

import hashlib
from hashlib import sha256
import binascii
from binascii import unhexlify, hexlify

Code:

TXID_0 = bytes.fromhex('d93de13f941bce3ad4edc68386db523ca6da029f67f865fa615ccd47c7524c5f')
TXID_1 = bytes.fromhex('81fd82f836421a4276122d1294e5d1fc65d12d8d806aa6932ac9128727da4d29')
TXID_2 = bytes.fromhex('61e0d45504cbb2435fa62176121ea53c2e603b97c5a17c942597efe391e3483a')
TXID_3 = bytes.fromhex('c468213022934a3c91bdc655cf74c0ce38cf131b05966c8e8d5e855fba46c8e6')
Double_Sha256_0_1 = hashlib.sha256(hashlib.sha256(TXID_0 + TXID_1).digest()).digest()
Hash_0_1 = hexlify(Double_Sha256_0_1).decode("utf-8")
Double_Sha256_2_3 = hashlib.sha256(hashlib.sha256(TXID_2 + TXID_3).digest()).digest()
Hash_2_3 = hexlify(Double_Sha256_2_3).decode("utf-8")
Hash_4 = bytes.fromhex(Hash_0_1)
Hash_5 = bytes.fromhex(Hash_2_3)
Double_Sha256_4_5 = hashlib.sha256(hashlib.sha256(Hash_4 + Hash_5).digest()).digest()
Merkle_Root = hexlify(Double_Sha256_4_5).decode("utf-8")
print(Merkle_Root)

Hash Merkle Root

Code:

414eb1aa4488717edf06ee8d9c4bedbe562eaef346524c1a1e34009e64b3adc8

◉ Membuat Block Header

Menyusun Blockheader dengan urutan : version >> previousblockhash >> merkleroot >> time >> bits >> nonce
* Hex String dalam format Little Endian

version	00000002	02000000
previousblockhash	000000000000026188bd555cc63526a178b203bb25089c92cfec223d80cae879	79e8ca803d22eccf929c0825bb03b278a12635c65c55bd886102000000000000
merkleroot	c8adb3649e00341e1a4c5246f3ae2e56beed4b9c8dee06df7e718844aab14e41	414eb1aa4488717edf06ee8d9c4bedbe562eaef346524c1a1e34009e64b3adc8
time	1364235874	62965051
bits	1a02816e	6e81021a
nonce	00000000 - ffffffff	00000000 - ffffffff

◉ Untuk implementasi menggunakan program python dan untuk simulasi pertama digunakan nonce awal 00000000

Code:

version = '02000000'
prevhash = '79e8ca803d22eccf929c0825bb03b278a12635c65c55bd886102000000000000'
merkleroot = '414eb1aa4488717edf06ee8d9c4bedbe562eaef346524c1a1e34009e64b3adc8'
time = '62965051'
bits = '6e81021a'
nonce = '00000000'
target = '00000000000002816e0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'
header_hex = (version + prevhash + merkleroot + time + bits + nonce)
header_bin = unhexlify(header_hex)
header = hashlib.sha256(hashlib.sha256(header_bin).digest()).digest()
hash = hexlify(header[::-1]).decode("utf-8")
print(hash)
if not target >= hash:
print('invalid')
else:
print('valid')

Hash

Code:

3cefb1c47dec281f17f0e058f708fe63ac33f4bbde0f24c82da35a07031b95d8

Status

Code:

invalid

◉ Simulasi kedua menggunakan nonce terakhir ffffffff

Code:

version = '02000000'
prevhash = '79e8ca803d22eccf929c0825bb03b278a12635c65c55bd886102000000000000'
merkleroot = '414eb1aa4488717edf06ee8d9c4bedbe562eaef346524c1a1e34009e64b3adc8'
time = '62965051'
bits = '6e81021a'
nonce = 'ffffffff'
target = '00000000000002816e0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'
header_hex = (version + prevhash + merkleroot + time + bits + nonce)
header_bin = unhexlify(header_hex)
header = hashlib.sha256(hashlib.sha256(header_bin).digest()).digest()
hash = hexlify(header[::-1]).decode("utf-8")
print(hash)
if not target >= hash:
print('invalid')
else:
print('valid')

Hash

Code:

0ddb50880c8f9ae61ba9847ed6afb386f9be9f200d7a156276414378ec92f6cb

Status

Code:

invalid

◉ Untuk seterusnya dilakukan hashing dengan cara meningkatkan nilai nonce berdasarkan range-nonce yang diijinkan sampai didapatkan Hash yang memenuhi kriteria Target (Hash <= Target)

◉ Simulasi terakhir menggunakan valid nonce 00c760f8

Code:

version = '02000000'
prevhash = '79e8ca803d22eccf929c0825bb03b278a12635c65c55bd886102000000000000'
merkleroot = '414eb1aa4488717edf06ee8d9c4bedbe562eaef346524c1a1e34009e64b3adc8'
time = '62965051'
bits = '6e81021a'
nonce = '00c760f8'
target = '00000000000002816e0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'
header_hex = (version + prevhash + merkleroot + time + bits + nonce)
header_bin = unhexlify(header_hex)
header = hashlib.sha256(hashlib.sha256(header_bin).digest()).digest()
hash = hexlify(header[::-1]).decode("utf-8")
print(hash)
if not target >= hash:
print('invalid')
else:
print('valid')

Hash

Code:

0000000000000151e2b1184704de6a16d326d9d3bdb9118d2c8f7756c7aa124c

Status

Code:

Valid

◉ Submit Kandidat Block ke Jaringan Bitcoin

Dengan menggunakan argumen submitblock "hexdata"

hexdata merupakan hex-encoded dari Serialized Blocks

Serialized Blocks

Jumlah Bytes	Data	Tipe Data	Keterangan
80	Block Header	block_header	Block Header dalam format RAW
Bervariasi	txn_count	compactSize uint	Total jumlah transaksi yang berada didalam Block
Bervariasi	txns	RAW Transaction	Setiap transaksi yang berada didalam Block (disusun berurutan) dalam format RAW Transaction

◉ RAW Block Header

Code:

0200000079e8ca803d22eccf929c0825bb03b278a12635c65c55bd886102000000000000414eb1aa4488717edf06ee8d9c4bedbe562eaef346524c1a1e34009e64b3adc8629650516e81021a00c760f8

◉ txn_count

Code:

◉ Untuk mendapatkan txns, sebelumnya harus diketahui dulu RAW Transaction dari masing-masing transaksi

RAW Coinbase Transaction

Code:

RAW TX_1

Code:

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

RAW TX_2

Code:

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

RAW TX_3

Code:

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

txns

Code:

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

hexdata (Serialized Blocks)
[RAW Block Header] [txn_count] [txns]

Code:

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

submitblock "hexdata"

Jika hasilnya

Code:

null

Berarti Kandidat Block telah divalidasi oleh node-node lainnya (dianggap valid) dan ditambahkan ke jaringan Blockchain Bitcoin