PoW works like this. The rule of the longest chain plus 51% hash power is written in the whitepaper.
Bullshit, the part what you write as "plus 51% hash power". It's certainly some time ago when I read the Whitepaper last, but I can't remember something in it to support your claim.
You do realize that Bitcoin evolves, don't you? The "longest chain" has changed to the "chain with most accumulated work" wins, for obvious reasons. There's no point in clinging to the wording of the whitepaper. It's not the Bible or the Ten Commandments.
If it is bullshit, so is the whitepaper since I got the quote from there. So you are saying bitcoin no longer follows the whitepaper? Can you report a link where I can read what it is actually following?
The reality is that one has to trust the various actors, without being able to verify their actions. This invalidates one of the basic principles of blockchain.
I disagree and I seriously can't follow you how you come to this conclusion. While it is somewhat problematic that certain mining pools aggregate quite some percentage of hashrate, I still don't see what kind of an issue it is as long as their percentage doesn't approach substantially more than 35-45%. We had in former times a pool that got to about or slightly over 50% and concerns and "shitstorm" were loud. To my knowledge that didn't happen again.
Where's the problem? Pinpoint it, please! What benefit should a party have which made enormous investments required to approach 50% of the global hashrate. Do funky stuff then and send Bitcoin into unseen turmoil? That would be economic suicide, very certain! I'd say, no government would dare to burn an investment like this to the ground, even if they hate Bitcoin. It wouldn't make any sense, economically.
The problem is that mining is so centralised and not transparent. About 50-60 miners control 51% of the hash power, we also don't have a dashaboard, a tool to check the status of the network, and we have to rely on the intensive work of researchers. This is a serious lack of transparency. The government does not want to destroy Bitcoin, it is enough to control it.