Even more strange is the fact that in Menu/Help/AboutBitcoinCore, the version listed is 26 (cause I updated it)
Yet, the debug.log show version 25 ?
It's only weird if you delete the debug.log file just before you run Bitcoin Core 26.0. Anyway, as stated by @Cricktor, the log also shows you run Bitcoin Core version 26.0 once.
I remember when running TestDisk, it was found that the drive was of NTFS type.
If you only use Linux to access certain partition or drive in the future, i would recommend you to use ext4 instead. Based on my experience, it's more tricky to fix NFTS specific error on Linux rather than Windows.