Also, this may seem a strange question. But when you create a bitcoin wallet years ago then you also encrypted it with a long password.
If someone only has that password but no access to the wallet.dat file then your coins are safe even if they have the public address?
How can keyloggers steal peoples bitcoins if they can see the password you will type but they can not grab the wallet.dat file?
Or do keyloggers also easily take that wallet.dat file off your machine easily?
There is no way to that someone without the wallet.dat file can steal your bitcoin but it will be risky to still have bitcoin on a wallet like that when you think one of your security has been compromised. As for public keys they certainly cannot be use d to restore any wallet. Just like the name they are expose even when you broadcast transactions. Aside restoring your wallet from the file only private key or seed phrase can be use to restore your wallet.