In El Salvador, the lightning network is utilized, offering transactions at minimal expense.  On-chain transactions can be costly, but they shouldn't be relied upon primarily.  This is not only due to their expense but also because they are not conducive to efficient point-of-sale electronic debit payments due to the nature of 0-conf.  Despite high fees, using Bitcoin can be less expensive than traditional banking charges sometimes.


The argument doesn't seem very valid, considering that developing countries are the primary users of Bitcoin as a currency.