Which model has been more beneficial to you, when you think of investing time and resources to earn a passive income?
None has benefitted me and I've never subscribed to any of them because they are not really worth it. I'd rather invest my time doing something profitable than wasting my time on these micro earning opportunities. The developers of these apps are the ones smiling to the banks, they generate a lot of revenues from running ads, collecting and selling users data but the users are rewarded with peanuts for their data, time and effort.
You are right. Only devs are benefitting from it since they did it as a means to make people help them make their token and apps known, and decieve them with having returns, which I see to me as an empty promise. It is all a waste of time and energy on these micro earnings app, because those token might never have a high market value. You will just be there enslaving yourself while the devs are smiling and enjoying the effort of your labour. If you have better plan for your future, then learn a skill, get a job and use 10% of your income to invest in bitcoin. Micro earnings cannot improve anyone's financial status.