It doesn't always work that way. A player can lose small amounts. Just as he can win with a large bet. The thing is that there will be more losses than wins, no matter what your game deposit is. It's just that people usually think that the casino is trying to cheat them at the very moment when they start increasing their bets. Although in fact, this would have happened with a small deposit as well.
I think the casino will still give you the same odds no matter how much you bet. But because you bet a large amount you will get a few spins so you feel the casino is trying to cheat you and take your money. Some casinos have a fair system. But unfortunately most casinos and online gambling have a system or algorithm that makes someone never win gambling. Especially in slots there are many online gambling sites that are controlled by admins to monitor participant accounts that have large bets. I don't know if it's really real but some rumors have appeared around my friends.
If you are playing on a casino with provably fair system, then, you don't have to worry about betting larger amount. Also, the reputation will give you idea whether you need to doubt their supposedly provably fair system. Because if it is questionable, you will already heard the rumors or there were already complaints on that casino. A reputable casino won't ruin their business by rigging their system. Though we can't really know the absolute truth on their system. So we are just left on what has been established in the gambling community.