Will payment processors like PayPal, Visa, and Mastercard survive?
Asking about the survival of debit cards differs greatly from asking about the survival of these companies. These companies will likely survive, because they're not directly linked to retail banks, which are the entities that might ultimately fall in terms of economic prosperity, or even cease to exist at some point.
PayPal is an e-money business and also a payment processor of its own. It doesn't need cards to survive.
It's Visa and Mastercard that need to be worried, because most of their money comes from card network fees and I'd imagine a good amount of their business comes from debit cards, which they would need to replace with their own CBDCs (ironic right) if those were to go away.
Prepaid cards would definitely be in trouble though.