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With stocks, owners can benefit from the company's profits or capital. Profits can be paid out as dividends, and capital can be liquidated or used to repurchase shares.
You made a fine argument about what determines things we can call assets. However, I have some objections. Firstly, if we're to agree that your definition of assets holds, there a lot of cryptocurrencies today will pass the test because there are hundreds of tokens if not more that incentivizes their users to hold. For example, Binance token would easily pass for an asset because aside from just benefitting from price movements, there's opportunity to earn yield. Even better, they buy back tokens from open market and burn it.
There are other examples but I'd just like to end it here before it gets lengthy. My point? Most cryptos qualify as assets even by your definition above.