1) The answer is obvious. A must work to find alternatives to external support channels, which cannot be replaced unless each country relies on its own capabilities. Any country that accepts support in vital sectors without a development plan will gradually become a colony of the party that provides the support.
2) There is no better source than relying on local resources and reducing import needs as much as possible. However, this does not preclude the possibility of obtaining some foreign aid (loans and grants) to finance a rescue plan that qualifies the local economy to rely on its capabilities so that it does not live on foreign support again.
3) This will not be possible unless the corruption that is rampant in the political class and economic actors is eliminated. Sorry to say this but it is true; most countries that live on foreign aid still need a national political dictatorship to carry out the necessary reforms as soon as possible.
4) I consider them all colonial powers and it would be better not to depend on the aid of any of them because the price will always be the relinquishment of national sovereignty. Africa will not rise unless it learns how to manage its own affairs because it is actually richer than the donor countries and its problem is the corruption of the political class and the economic and social deterioration is only a result of that corruption.
5) Ending reliance on foreign sources of support, whether grants or loans, and focusing on developing the country’s own capabilities. Businessmen and entrepreneurs can help in this by enhancing their local investments and encouraging foreign investors to establish their businesses in their country. Of course, none of this can happen without a strong political will.