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China is big yes, but I don't think it's going to continue to develop as fast as it has in the past years. Like we saw the US stagnat (or at least slow down) for a reason. Because it was already big. And the bigger they are, the more likely they're going to stagnant or slow down in terms of advancing. Not to mention that there's competition with the US as well, then it's more likely that they're just going to compete at the top but never really passing the US. But who knows? There might be some tech that's going to be developed that'd help surpass the US. Deepseek yes was a competitor at launch but at the end it's just US companies over pricing their products since they have the monopoly. Now that there's competition they'd just tone it down.
I think there are no limits when it comes to the national or global economy.
The stagnation of the US, China or world economy in recent years is a consequence of the covid pandemic as well as geopolitical instability...but once those are resolved, you will see our economy grow even stronger as if there is no limit.
Looking at the GDP chart of the world economy, we can easily see that despite the consequences caused by the pandemic.GDP has increased from 85 trillion to 115 trillion in the last 5 years and is expected to reach 140 trillion by 2029, which shows that there is no limit. Only that development will not be uniform and it all depends on each country's economic policies and orientations.
China can surpass the United States and the United States knows that better than anyone, and they have little effective solution other than to limit China's development by ban. Look what they did to china: ban Huawei, TikTok, restrict chip exports, and make many accusations of stealing tech innovations but no real evidence...If they compete fairly, it probably won't take long for China to surpass them.
https://www.statista.com/statistics/268750/global-gross-domestic-product-gdp/