PoS alone means centralization which ether moved to some years ago from PoW. But what they said few years ago has been done as they have increased the validators staking from 32 ETH to 2048 ETH. That is 64 fold increase and it means less people will be able to stake and more centralization in what that is centralized in design.
I think it might sounds that way but whales with many ETH are just few steps away from deploying many validator even with 32 Cap, so although I think it does increase centralization, PoS has always been centralized like that in my opinion
I read online that the Pectra upgrade will reduce transaction fee. I am not using ether which will not let me know if the transaction fee has reduced or not. Is it true that the transaction fee has been reduced?
They scale L1 through smart accounts that make batch transaction more efficient and 3rd party fee sponsorship, as for L2 they just expanded blob data per block.