If I install a really old Bitcoin Core on old pc with Windows XP (offline), set the system clock to 2010, could it trick the software into generating the same address/private key as an early miner's wallet (e.g., one that mined 50 BTC in 2010 and lost his wallet

)?
Fun idea, but nope—it won’t work like that. Bitcoin keys aren’t tied to the date or software version. Without the original private key, there’s no way to recreate someone else’s wallet.