By default, the Bitcoin client accepts whichever chain is the longest as the "correct" blockchain.
Again: How would you create a public ledger that is unchangeable, yet decentralized?
Why, a blockchain based on cryptography, Mr. Bitcoin, of course. There's no other answer, nor could there possibly ever be one.
Now that I've given the correct answer to your straw question, you tell me why having the required computing power needed to maintain that blockchain must be an artificially rigged game that is completely open-ended with respect to required capacity?
Keep it short, I'll be interviewing someone else shortly. Thanks for your time, I sometimes find it amusing to be patronized by inferior people.