The strategic recommendation for any serious effort to solve the remaining keys of the puzzle is the adoption of a co-design approach. It is necessary to abandon the pursuit of a purely algorithmic solution and instead simultaneously optimize the attack algorithm for parallelization and the HPC infrastructure for the specific communication patterns that this algorithm generates. The combination of a robust generic attack such as Pollard’s Rho, potentially accelerated by tools like ECFFT, and executed on a specialized and cost-effective network topology like HammingMesh, represents the most promising and economically viable path to completing this puzzle.