The list you made simply represents different ways people invest in new projects so it will be wrong to state that the method of investment failed because it is actually the project themselves that failed. There have been successful projects that launched through each of the methods you mentioned. Therefore, blame those shitcoins and not the method through which people invested in those projects.
He laid down the business model, not sure if you have been here since the ICO days, but during that time, many turns out to be good, but there are also scams as people behind those projects really wanted to take advantage of the investors money. Many are caught with a white paper that is just a copy of other previous successful projects. So that is the first time that we have seen how a project will be a scam. He didn't blame the investors, he might just want to give warnings that this market is really full of scammers, although there could still be good one but they didn't get the hype. Only those who knew how to play the game, thru marketing and ads in this community to get a lot of investors. But then suddenly they will just disappear with the investors money, hence we have this DYOR.