For a country or an individual that is self sufficient and economically intelligent, borrowing does not occur for them even in crisis situation, not bad to get a support, but borrowing definitely do more harm than good most especially those credits that come with high growing interests. The best thing in this situation to avoid borrowing is to have an emergency founds a d multiple cash flows, so countries and individuals need to be more productive to avoid unwanted borrowing that eat up their savings and revenues in the long term.
For people that lend are those who mostly want to start some business or has economic opportunity. Most of the active population keeps a good enough savings for emergency and small crisis. A severe sickness that gets you hospitalized for weeks would break down any but you must have money with you to deal with small accidents or a few days of staying in hospital ward.
The bank rate of lending too is regulated by the market, when the interest rates are high, no one takes a lone which makes the interest fall, when the interest is at its low, people lend more to grow their business which makes the money circulate in the market decreasing liquidity of bank and the cycle repeats.
Countries on the other hand are lead by temporary leaders and they might not always be thoughtful about the righteous for the nation so they could be taking loans for things that are not needed.