For a country or an individual that is self sufficient and economically intelligent, borrowing does not occur for them even in crisis situation, not bad to get a support, but borrowing definitely do more harm than good most especially those credits that come with high growing interests. The best thing in this situation to avoid borrowing is to have an emergency founds a d multiple cash flows, so countries and individuals need to be more productive to avoid unwanted borrowing that eat up their savings and revenues in the long term.
Loans bring interest, people actually cant realise how bad interest is. In these moments like pandemics or wars whoever is giving the loan tries to put a condition of compound interest. It is always better to somehow maintain not getting any loans from anyone. You know that almost all the countries have to take loans because even if you have money saved for a rainy day, it is most probably not going to be enough in desperate situations. It is sometimes better to actually borrow money and give it back timely. Because that can create a good relationship or a situation between two countries. But on the other hand if the repayment is not done correctly, that can also build tension. I think the secret is a balance between money and assets. You need to have both of them or at least one of them in really good amount. Having multiple income stream and a good saving can save you from real bad situations. Because not having money can eventually put the power of your country in someone else's hands.