The list you made simply represents different ways people invest in new projects so it will be wrong to state that the method of investment failed because it is actually the project themselves that failed. There have been successful projects that launched through each of the methods you mentioned. Therefore, blame those shitcoins and not the method through which people invested in those projects.
The individuals that hyped this different method of investing into new projects are the ones to blame because they made it seems like the methods are going to last forever and made many people invest money in general failed projects through these means. It doesn't matter how many of this crowdfunding method that fails, newer methods will get introduced to the market because most individuals in the cryptocurrency industry are looking for ways to make quick money and they believe that getting into projects early helps in achieving that which isn't a lie but not all projects are worth investing into because they don't have any future.