Bitcoin has a hard cap of 21 million coins, and projections estimate that the last BTC will be mined around the year 2140. But this raises a serious question: what happens after that?

Currently, miners are incentivised through both block rewards and transaction fees. But once block rewards disappear, the entire system will rely solely on fees. Will that be enough to keep miners interested and the network secure?

Some argue transaction fees will naturally rise due to higher adoption. Others believe a lack of miner incentives could weaken security and leave Bitcoin vulnerable. There’s also the question of whether the Lightning Network and similar scaling solutions will reduce on-chain fees too much to sustain miners.

It's a long-term issue — but if Bitcoin is to last for centuries, shouldn't we already be thinking about its post-mining economy?

What do you think:
Will fees be enough?
Will Bitcoin need a protocol change?
Or will it evolve in a completely unexpected way?