What do you think:
Will fees be enough? No
Will Bitcoin need a protocol change? Maybe.


When all 21 million bitcoins have been mined—which is projected to happen around the year 2140—the process and economics of Bitcoin will fundamentally change, but the network is expected to continue operating.

What Will Change?
1. No More New Bitcoin Issuance
Miners will no longer receive new bitcoins as “block rewards” for validating and recording transactions in new blocks.

2. Miner Incentives Shift to Transaction Fees
The only compensation for miners will be transaction fees paid by users. These fees are already a minor incentive, but will become the sole revenue source for miners post-2140.

Network Security
The fear is that if transaction fees are not high enough to incentivize miners, network security could be at risk. Miners keep the Bitcoin network secure by expending computational power (hashrate), and their participation depends on adequate economic rewards.

However, Bitcoin is highly divisible (down to 100,000,000 satoshis per BTC), so even if large numbers of coins are lost over time or if demand for transaction space rises, small fee increments per transaction could be adequate to support miner operations.

Transaction Costs
Transaction fees may rise to ensure miners remain motivated. Higher competition for block space and greater adoption could drive up the value users are willing to pay for having their transactions included.

Role of Layer 2 Solutions
Technologies like the Lightning Network are expected to handle most microtransactions and low-fee payments, relieving pressure on the main blockchain and keeping Bitcoin usable for everyday purposes even with higher on-chain transaction fees.