The U.S. now holds over 200K BTC in a national reserve. Pakistan launched its own reserve in May 2025. El Salvador continues daily accumulation and now holds ~6,000 BTC.
There should be a clear difference between which countries are actually buying bitcoins and which ones are just keeping ahold of bitcoin they have taken or seized from busts. In my opinion, actually buying bitcoin raises more trust and competitiveness towards a country not like other countries who hold so much but a lot of crime were involved.
Determining this distinction isn't easy, though we can look at the approach taken by each country's government in holding Bitcoin. However, in countries like El Salvador, I see a genuine interest in Bitcoin and continue to buy it for broader and more general purposes. As a result, the El Salvadoran government isn't just investing in Bitcoin but is also preparing for other things, such as accepting Bitcoin as payment for other purposes. However, some other countries aren't as entrenched, maintaining traditional rules like using fiat currency for transactions, even though they also hold Bitcoin for investment purposes. Some of this is also confiscated after evidence of criminal activity among unscrupulous individuals.