You might not be able to get the account back because Binance don't usually send login code on phone number because the only place I no they normally send is the email and since your email is no longer accessible there is nothing you can do, however I would say you should try instead on how to retrieve the email , perhaps if you added a phone number on the email it will definitely be possible for you to get the email back then you can start planning on how to get your Binance account. Another way I think might also be possible is Authentication because if you had back it up with authentication then just use the code to get in.
I think if someone is verified, all he will do is to provide the documents he used for the verification to get back his account from Binance. With what Charles-Tim said, he should be able to recover his account back if he is not able to recover his Gmail back. From my thinking I think that anyone that is ID verified should be able to recovery his account in any place he is.