Bitcoin’s base layer is designed with limited block size and block interval to maintain decentralization and security. However, this also creates scalability challenges when transaction demand increases.

Layer 2 solutions such as the Lightning Network are often considered the best approach to scale Bitcoin without compromising its fundamental principles. Yet, questions remain:

Can Lightning (or other Layer 2 protocols) eventually handle the majority of Bitcoin transactions securely?

What are the technical limitations that still need to be solved (e.g., routing, liquidity, channel capacity)?

If Layer 2 becomes the main medium for transactions, will the base layer primarily serve as a settlement layer, similar to how central banks handle reserves?


I am curious to know the community’s technical perspective on whether Bitcoin’s long-term transaction scalability will depend mostly on Layer 2 solutions, or if significant base layer changes may still be necessary in the future.