no a country cant just "have the right to attack enemies in any location" its got nothing to do with indelible rights. its about wartime, strategy, terms of war,

israel warned days ago it will strike hamas no matter where they hide.. and no this is not a declaration of war on all countries either..
 

Qatari prime minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman al-Thani said that US officials first warned Qatar of the Israeli attack 10 minutes after it began, describing the strike as “100% treacherous”. Al-Thani poured water on US claims that Qatar was given advanced warning of the attack

Trump was informed of the strike only shortly before it began — and not by Israel itself, but by Chairman of the Joint Staff Gen. Dan Caine, according to a US official. He immediately told White House special envoy Steve Witkoff to brief them, according to another US official. Witkoff has a longstanding relationship with the Qataris.

However, by the time Witkoff was able to reach them, it was too late, a US official told CNN.

Israel told the U.S. military it planned to strike Hamas in advance, but didn't provide a location or other specifics before launching its attack against a Hamas target in Qatar on Tuesday, a U.S. official tells ABC News.

The vague notification of a pending strike left the military to discern on its own that subsequent explosions in Qatar were the result of Israeli action.

In an online post, Trump said that Special Envoy to the Middle East Steve Witkoff informed the Qataris of the Israeli action but "unfortunately, too late to stop the attack."