He is allowed to leave the country whenever he want. But once he does this, his temporary ID will become a useless scrap of paper and he won't be able to return without getting the new ID.

Temporary ID card has no limitations except this one, i.e. there is no difference between a passport and a temporary ID if you haven't left the country. Maybe later he will apply the full citizenship, who knows... Seems like a good idea because his US passport has been revoked.
Maybe, but sadly this courtesy doesn't extended to some of their own citizens, specifically homosexuals and feminist activists (not to mention their involvement in the Ukraine).
Well, it seems that you have dedicated too much time for Euronews or CNN.

Oh, c'mon, we see this gay-people-cracking-down stuff again and again...

Nobody cracking down on them, it's a total BS. Nobody cares about gays here, some pop stars and politicials are open homosexuals, they're still alive and active.
This "gay people prosecutions" bullshit is not even funny anymore. It's so far from the reality that I'm unable to imagine how anybody can believe that. This would be like a belief into spaghetti monster or martian invasion, the same level of stupidity.
Sexual orientation is nobody's business, it's a private matter. If some person thinks too much about someone's orientation, then he needs to visit a doctor, without any delay. This is the most popular point of view on this issue.