Firstly, you're hopefully aware if your wallet is unlocked, you can export all the keys at once (unencrypted) with dumpwallet (which can then be imported all at once into a new wallet with importwallet)?

Regarding your password, sorry to be the bearer of bad news, but it is not stored anywhere in memory and cannot be retrieved. When the wallet is unlocked, the password is used to generate a decryption key which is then used to decrypt your Master Key, and then the password is removed from memory (it is securely overwritten). The decrypted Master Key (which is simply 32 random bytes) alone is stored in memory while the wallet is unlocked, and it is used to decrypt individual private keys on demand. When the wallet becomes locked, the decrypted Master Key is securely overwritten.

So to get your LTC back, I imagine your only options would be recovering your password, restoring your LTC wallet from a backup should you have one, or brute-forcing your LTC wallet if the password is short enough and/or you remember some portion of it...