For example, Bitcoin addresses are not inherently linked with IP addresses (I think I dimly recall that was a little-used option at one time).
Bitcoin did allow sending coins to an IP address once. This has now been disabled because of the danger of man-in-the middle attacks with this type of transaction.
Bitcoin transactions carry no IP information, though I'm guessing the node that first broadcasts the transaction could be identified if the NSA controlled enough nodes.
If you don't want to transmit your transactions yourself, simply post your signed transaction in hexadecimal format here via tor, and they will broadcast it for you.
https://blockchain.info/pushtx