There are, in fact, rigorous logical arguments that prove government is incompatible with any consistent definition of ethics.
There cannot be
rigorous arguments in that sort of subject. As in religion, the arguments will seem rigorous to believers, but fallacious to non-believers.
For any of your arguments, I am sure I can provide an equally "rigorous" argument that proves the opposite -- that one cannot have a peaceful, agreeable, and productive society without a strong democratic government.
(Plus, there is the small issue of historical examples...)