Hm, do you have good reading links so I can understand this? No work until monday, so there's some time

There's a basic description of how an RSA accumulator works here:
https://eprint.iacr.org/2009/625.pdfSee 2.2, and ignore the initial stuff relating to the hash tables.
With their plan of becoming a sidechain to vertcoin, could it be possible to retain some form of security post 5-15 years, assuming the transfer is possible?
Um, if the method used to spend the old coins is totally insecure, probably not unless they're additionally wrapped in some way eg a normal ECDSA signature that is otherwise unused.
With the increased verification time, would ddosing something like a centralized pool become trivial, or is that something separate?
DDoSing a centralized pool is already trivial.

But DDoSing all the nodes on the network is much harder, and the longer verification time makes that trivial.
What historical information can be garnished from storing the niZKPs on the chain?
That a transaction in the past was actually valid or not.
With their plan of becoming a sidechain to vertcoin, could it be possible to retain some form of security post 5-15 years, assuming the transfer is possible?
Um, if the method used to spend the old coins is totally insecure, probably not unless they're additionally wrapped in some way eg a normal ECDSA signature that is otherwise unused.
Which aspect of the security are you referring to? elliptic curve upgrades are always possible and easy to integrate. Also, RSA 2048 is extremely secure. As a reference, RSA 2048 is 2^32 more secure than RSA 1024. The highest known factorization is RSA 768. RSA 1024 is approximately 1000 times stronger than RSA 768. Meaning that our RSA modulus of 2048 is 5 trillion times stronger than current publicly known RSA factorization abilities.