The receive transactions I have in my wallet do not appear on blockchain.info or blockexplorer.com, and the transactions for SatoshiDICE's payments to me do not appear in my wallet anywhere (I have checked, multiple times).
The thing is, the transactions on the SD site have been confirmed. For example, your first bet was paid out here:
http://blockexplorer.com/tx/d2768db6562c0231da78188c282748b0b4219064792221ff6e32266ca07f01c1The problem is probably that you have a conflicting transaction in your wallet which prevents this real transaction from showing up.
I think you'll need to remove the bad transactions from your wallet so the real ones can show up.
I've found pywallet's web interface to be great for doing that.
With a clean memory pool after restarting and them not existing in any blocks in the blockchain, I don't understand how it would even know about those transactions to show them anymore even.
The wallet.dat file holds transactions as well as private keys. That's why you sometimes need '-rescan' - it tells bitcoin to not assume that it knows about all the transactions from old blocks, but to rescan the blockchain and add any relevant transactions to the wallet.
In this case we have too many transactions in the wallet and need to remove the bad ones. Jeremy had a similar issue recently - I'll link you to his thread:
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=85689.0