1). The $17 fee of a $12 transaction was not a large file - breadwallet was not Segwit compatible during the "high fee" period therefore they charge more (plus extra profits).
Breadwallet get precisely ZERO profit from any fees you pay for a BTC transaction... in fact, NO wallet gets any "profit" from any fees paid. (NOTE: I am excluding Exchanges that charge outrageous "withdraw" fees).
You need to understand that wallets don't "charge" fees... you are including a "fee" on your transaction to incentivise miners to include your transaction in a block... ALL fee's go to the miners, the wallets get nothing... and assuming your wallet is halfway decent, it should allow you to set custom transaction fees, so you can set whatever you like... just don't expect miners to include the transaction if you set a ridiculously low fee when average fees are super high. Currently, not so much of an issue given that the mempool is empty and transactions with 1 sat/byte fees are getting confirmed.
2) My bitcoin core full node is on a Mac computer - so I'm pretty secure here.
It'st thinking like that that leads to risky behaviour. Do not think you've safe because you use ...
ALL OSes are vulnerable... anyone that thinks different is kidding themselves.
https://www.google.com/search?q=mac+osx+virusOne question: I've been running the full node 24/7 just to be a good bitcoin citizen for a while - but I'm not doing much to it and gain nothing from it. I've seen some " invalid transaction and connections errors" from the debug windows.
Quite possibly connections and/or transactions from Bitcoin Cash Nodes that utilise the same ports etc... or someone is attempting to propagate a transaction that your Node is refusing to relay (ie. zero fee or some other non-standard transaction)... it's perfectly normal and you don't really need to worry about it.
3). Yes I have already converted all my coins to Segwit address by just simply store my coins in Nano Ledger HW wallet.
Unless you specifically chose "Bitcoin -> SegWit"... and got a "3" type address from your Ledger HW wallet... it won't be a SegWit address.
Your response sounds a bit condescending- but I bet you are a decent person...I'm not a complete noob as you think...I have a graduate level in engineering and work as an automation/ robotic engineer in the Silicon Valley.
You mentioned Bcash, which just really make me feeling sick in the stomach...I hope they go away very soon...
Regarding Sewig address on my Nano Ledger, there are only two real type of addresses: bitcoin legacy and Sewig. I would not consider Bcash as a real bitcoin - there's nothing that Bcash does that bitcoin couldn't do better in the matter of times...