The bug found basically allows a malicious node to flood a bitcoin core node and crash it. As this is a peer based attack, your wallet would remain safe and all funds protected.
I am not familiar with the repercussions of the attack, but I am assuming they mean crash as in it is recoverable. With that being said, most large scale node operators have implemented provisions that would restart the software in the event of a crash, and also have implemented proper firewall and security rules to ban any malicious attacker way before this exploit was discovered.
With a large scale attack it is very likely that the market could be affected but the chances are very marginal and the price would most likely recover very shortly.
With that being said, this isn't the only DDOS based wallet attack out there and more will be discovered. There will always be vulnerabilities in software.