I have read repeatedly that the achilles heal of Bitcoin is that 50% CPU threshold. I have never heard of another one I believe might exist - the possibility that the Bitcoin community gets very large, and then has factions, the block chain forks, and the system crumbles in the face of FUD while two or more camps argue which leg is correct (sort of like a country that started out with a Constitution or a religion that started out with a Bible or Koran and now has two large factions eternally asserting their particular interpretation of it). Two religious factions can go their own way and live their own separate lives on separate lands, but if they must trade while they can't agree on what constitutes the existence of money, the money may as well not exist. If Bitcoin is in its "constitution" phase, I would submit that the time to address something like this is now.
That design decisions concerning inflation and other factors are "hard-wired" into the network suggest some inflexibility and the ability of another network to swoop in and cut users a better deal.
The only attack I've considered any kind of threat to bitcoin is the presence of a network better than bitcoin. I think it's likely that the biggest sticking point is the reward-for-work in bitcoin, which is tied to inflation.
It's easy convince the predominately libertarian early adopters that a fixed money supply is worth giving a handful of early adopters over a quarter of the total bitcoins that will ever be created. But bitcoin may have a hard time crossing the chasm if new users get for terahashes what people were getting for megahashes a few months ago.
Some of the heretics on irc have mentioned keeping the 50 btc block reward indefinitely, having a steady perma-inflation. I'd go one step further and say that the number of coins generated in a block should be proportional to the rarity of the block's hash. In other words, a block with 15 leading zero bits should generate twice the number of coins that a block with 14 leading zero bits in the hash.
This would probably be called "hyper-inflation". Why not keep the reward the same--from the first hash to the last hash?
As it is, I feel that we're in a giant pyramid scheme where present petahashes are being offered up so that bitcoins from the genesis block can ever-increase in value.