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Board Altcoin Discussion
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T addresses in Zcash (now that it is cross chain) is an asset
by
rdnkjdi
on 22/07/2025, 01:22:36 UTC
by Frank Braun, 2025-07-11

In Zcash there are two kind of addresses: transparent addresses (or t-addresses) and shielded addresses (or z-addresses).

Transparent addresses work very similar to addresses in Bitcoin. Shielded addresses employ zero-knowledge proofs in order to hide the sender, recipient, and amount of a transaction on the blockchain. The only information that remains visible for shielded transaction is that a transaction took place and nothing more.

All shielded transactions take place in a shielded pool, the current third iteration is called the Orchard pool, after the first pool called Sprout and the second one called Sapling. For the purpose of this discussion we only consider the Orchard pool.

That gives us four transaction types:

  • t -> t: transparent transactions similar to transactions in Bitcoin.
  • s -> s: shielded transactions, totally opaque within a shielded pool.
  • t -> s: a shielding transaction, moving coins from the transparent ledger into a shielded pool.
  • s -> t: an unshielding transaction, moving coins from the shielded pool to the transparent ledger.

A common critique of Zcash is that it's not "private by default" (that is, it doesn't just have shielded transaction), in contrast to Monero, which is "private by default": All transactions within Monero have the same type and employ the same privacy features.

And that usually implies two things:

  • That Monero is better than Zcash, due to this "private by default" feature.
  • That Zcash should get rid of t-addresses and also become "private by default".

I used to utter the same reasoning, but now believe it to be wrong on both counts.

A different perspective 
Quote
"A change in perspective is worth 80 IQ points." 
— Alan Kay

I think the argument is best understood by looking at the situation from a different perspective and not conflating theory and practice.

So let's zoom out and consider what it means in practice to use a privacy coin like Zcash or Monero.

Until we reach a state where all transactions are private, using a privacy coin usually means a three step process:

  • Moving funds into the privacy coin.
  • Transacting within the privacy coin.
  • Moving funds out of the privacy coin.

Or in Zcash terms:

  • t -> s
  • s -> s
  • s -> t

The change of perspective is that Zcash is an integrated system of two separate parts: The shielded pool and a transparent ledger.

And just as Apple, by making both the hardware and the software, can make the better UX and better security features, Zcash can deliver better UX and better privacy by tightly integrating these two parts, if executed correctly.

So in order to properly compare Zcash and Monero from this vantage point, one really has to compare two things separately:

  • The privacy of shielded transactions in Zcash with the privacy of Monero transactions.
  • The integration into the wider crypto ecosystem of Zcash (considering t-addresses as well) and Monero.

Privacy comparison 
Much has been written about it, but I think it's fair to say that cryptographers agree that, just comparing the privacy of shielded transactions in Zcash with Monero transactions, Zcash has the better privacy properties.

From my understanding, Zcash offers you the theoretically possible maximum of privacy for on chain transactions and Monero doesn't. There are ongoing discussions of how much information can be derived from Monero transactions, what usage patterns are better for your privacy and which aren't, and so on.

I don't know about you, but when it comes to privacy in transactions, I just want the best possible and not think about potential weaknesses, how to use it best, and so on.

Quote
"I have the simplest tastes. I am always satisfied with the best."

The much quoted potential Zcash weakness of the trusted setup doesn't apply to the Orchard shielded pool anymore, so that's a non issue these days.

The much quoted Zcash weakness of not being "private by default" has been almost entirely removed by the Zashi wallet, see below.

I'm aware that Monero is working on an upgrade to Full-Chain Membership Proofs (FCMPs), called FCMP++, which will improve the privacy properties of Monero, but I'm considering here what is available today.

Integration into the wider ecosystem 
I believe that the release and wider adoption of the Zashi mobile wallet is a game changer for Zcash. Zcash has been described by some as the Apollo program of crypto and with the Zashi wallet in the ecosystem it's finally ready for lift-off.

So what does Zashi do that makes it such a game changer?

It supports signing of shielding, unshielding, and shielded transactions, but not transparent transactions. That is, it can send and receive both transparent and shielded transactions, but every received transparent UTXO first needs to be shielded before it can be spend again, either transparently (as an unshielding transaction) or privately (as a shielded transaction).

That means that all funds in Zashi are forced through the shielded pool.

So one could argue that it also makes Zcash "private by default", just with a larger part of the ecosystem directly integrated into the app.

Having a good wallet is very important, because privacy comes more from the wallet than from the network or from your counterparties. A good wallet protects you from information leakage. Information about you that is never leaked from your local wallet in the first place cannot be leaked later by your counterparties or the network/blockchain.

It also integrates with the Keystone Hardware Wallet, which for the first time lets you store and spend Orchard-pool Zcash on a hardware wallet. Other hardware wallets, like Trezor and Ledger, only support t-addresses. I agree with Zooko and others from the Zcash community that privacy at rest is even more important than privacy in flight. In short, the argument is that if you just use privacy in flight it's quite easy to deanonymize you by correlating amounts and timing transaction going in and out of a shielded pool. That is, the longer funds are in a shielded pool, privately held at rest, the harder it is deanonymize them, because they are "mixed" with more and more other funds.

And with Zashi plus they Keystone hardware wallet integration it's now possible to both hold smaller (just in Zashi) and larger (combined with Keystone) ZEC amounts in a shielded pool, thereby increasing your own and everybody else's privacy at rest in the process.

As you can see on the ZecHub Dashboard, the amount of ZEC in the shielded pools has more than doubled in the last year and almost 14% of the circulating ZEC supply is held in the Orchard shielded pool now, trend increasing.

Increased pluggability and optional visibility 
A lot in crypto is about the pluggability of a coin into the wider ecosystem. That's why things like EVM compatiblity matter for L1s and L2s, for example. And for Zcash having t-addresses and transparent transactions, which are very similar to Bitcoin addresses and transactions, means it's much easier to plug Zcash into the wider ecosystem. DEX integrations usually start with t-address support, because they basically just have to port the corresponding Bitcoin code, and can then later progress to implementing fully shielded support, like it's the case with LeoDex.

Another example of a recent DEX adding support for ZEC with transparent addresses is NEAR Intents.

I believe this higher pluggablity of Zcash compared to Monero is the reason why there are more DEXs supporting Zcash than Monero and there is currently no cross-chain liquidity-pool DEX that supports XMR. And DEXs are very important for both privacy reasons (no KYC & AML nonsense) and usability (again, no KYC & AML nonsense).

Furthermore, t-addresses can also increase visibility for the use-cases where it actually makes sense. If I'm using a DEX, as a user I want to be as private as possible. But I want visibility into what's happening inside the DEX, because how else am I supposed to verify that the DEX is operating as advertised? So optional visibility is actually a feature and not a bug.

And just for completeness, having t-addresses allows for use-cases where one actually wants full transparency of the funds at rest. For example, using t-addresses for the cold wallet of exchanges or custody providers, allows easy auditability and proof of funds.

Conclusion 
Given recent developments, mostly around Zashi, I changed my mind regarding t-addresses in Zcash. With what's already here (plus future work below) we can have:

  • privacy by default, independent of third parties
  • deeper integration into the wider crypto ecosystem (for example, with DEXs)
  • optional visibility and auditability

Given a deeper integration into the wider crypto ecosystem (see below) and the arguments made above for the importance of privacy at rest there is also an argument to be made why value should accrue to ZEC the token: There is simply no other privacy coin in the market with both deep integration, optional visibility, and best in class privacy.

Future work 
Most importantly, Zashi currently only supports one fixed t-address, which is bad for privacy if t-addresses are used. Fixing that issue is on the Zashi roadmap, I argue on the Zcash forum how I would design the UX in order to balance usability and privacy issues.

More options for storing and spending shielded Zcash on more widely used hardware wallets, like Trezor and Ledger, would be great. Until then, Keystone will get all the business for that use case and it will keep some Zcash users from storing ZEC long-term in a shielded pool. Personally, while I'm waiting for my Keystone wallet to arrive, I'm still storing most of my ZEC on a Trezor in a t-address.

Multisig support for hardware wallets, to be able to store very large amounts and for custodial setups with more than one signer, would also be very beneficial.

For good privacy in flight, transport layer privacy is also very important. It seem Zashi is rolling out integrated Tor support, which is a good step in the right direction. In my opinion low-latency transport layer privacy without dummy traffic, like in Tor, doesn't cut it anymore and higher latency mixnets with dummy traffic, like Nym, are necessary. Until Nym releases their SDK, it cannot be integrated directly into Zashi, but for now the hardcore users have NymVPN in mixnet mode at their disposal.

Deeper integration of DEXs into Zashi (AFAIK that's being workedon) on both the receiving and sending side, to adhere to the law of cryptocurrency isomorphism, is also very much needed and should be deeply integrated into Zashi, for both receiving and sending arbitrary cryptocurrencies. ZEC will only benefit from that price wise, because there are good reasons to be made why one should actually hold ZEC, if one cares about ones privacy.

It's actually a much better value accrual story than can be made for Ethereum and Solana.

https://x.com/thefrankbraun/status/1943789582367305825
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Topic
Board Service Announcements (Altcoins)
Re: CoinTracking - Profit/Loss Portfolio and Tax Reporting for Digital Currencies
by
rdnkjdi
on 09/03/2023, 11:09:45 UTC
I was able to deal with this - basically not picking up Jupiter swaps because it splits up the swaps etc.

One question I have, my deposits and withdrawals are fucked up - can I just delete all of these? I don't think it matters for tax reasons as I'm not using lots, just LIFO method, but want to make sure it won't alter my tax calculations.
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Topic
Board Service Announcements (Altcoins)
Re: CoinTracking - Profit/Loss Portfolio and Tax Reporting for Digital Currencies
by
rdnkjdi
on 05/03/2023, 05:46:32 UTC
Ok - I basically had to do this manually. It's because of the way that jupiter aggregator splits out solana swap transactions, the program doesn't pick up. I'm having another issue now.

I need to import kucoin data from January 2022. I have followed API instructions, and the job is successfully running but no records are being imported! So then I download all the data from Kucoin and unzip. I get this

Kucoin currently does not offer an export that contains all necessary transactions. Please contact the Kucoin support and ask for an Excel file with all trades, deposits, and withdrawals. The file should contain the tabs "trade" | "payment" and your whole transaction history.
Upload the Excel file here


So is the API broken but not documented anywhere? And Cointracking.info isn't compatible with the XLS files Kucoin exports? This is really frustrating ...
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Board Service Announcements (Altcoins)
Re: CoinTracking - Profit/Loss Portfolio and Tax Reporting for Digital Currencies
by
rdnkjdi
on 28/02/2023, 07:36:19 UTC
I'm trying to do an automated Sol import and it shows " Last imported tx: 28.02.2023 ..." - but it's not showing any of the AMM swaps I did on Jupiter.

Do I need to wait longer for the import - or is the import broken / not picking up Jupiter AMM swaps?
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Topic
Board Service Announcements (Altcoins)
Re: CoinTracking - Profit/Loss Portfolio and Tax Reporting for Digital Currencies
by
rdnkjdi
on 27/02/2023, 05:09:08 UTC
I'm needing to segregate my taxes into a few groups - this is because I'm re-locating to another tax jurisdiction. All transactions that happened before & after the move will have to be accounted for differently.

I've paid for the service for two years - is there a way I can get a second login or something to have two completely different tracking accounts?
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Board Service Announcements (Altcoins)
Re: CoinTracking - Profit/Loss Portfolio and Tax Reporting for Digital Currencies
by
rdnkjdi
on 27/09/2022, 05:21:50 UTC
@rdnkjdi
We are from CoinTracking.info. Cointracker might be another tool.
As always when there are warning please go through all Validation Checks as shown here: https://cointracking.freshdesk.com/a/solutions/articles/29000035339?lang=en

I am using https://cointracking.info. I am going thru the validation now, i just don't understand why these values would be pulling from two seperate locations, it seems like they should match.
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Board Service Announcements (Altcoins)
Re: CoinTracking - Profit/Loss Portfolio and Tax Reporting for Digital Currencies
by
rdnkjdi
on 25/09/2022, 10:16:04 UTC
Cointracker shows I have 9403 balance on Solana. When I enter a sale transaction for this amount of Solana, it says that 18 Solana don't have a purchase price. Can someone explain what is happening? Screenshots here - https://imgur.com/a/hhPhyjM
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Topic
Board Service Announcements (Altcoins)
Re: CoinTracking - Profit/Loss Portfolio and Tax Reporting for Digital Currencies
by
rdnkjdi
on 19/08/2022, 15:59:34 UTC
Is there any report to show a cost basis of all my assets?
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Topic
Board Service Announcements (Altcoins)
Re: CoinTracking - Profit/Loss Portfolio and Tax Reporting for Digital Currencies
by
rdnkjdi
on 18/08/2022, 15:16:43 UTC
Thank you for the nice feedback.
Yes, just switch to CSP mode on Enter Coins page (site will load slower then) and use the search field and add "withdrawal" in there. You could even add a ticker or a date here as well. Otherwise all withdrawal transactions will be listed there.
You need to set a custom price for your NFTs then like for other unlisted tokens. We are working on an NFT report page with more functionality here, but it will take some time.

I think I have figured out the NFTs - it doesn't show the final balances but I have them in there.

I can filter by just Withdrawals - but I need Withdrawals & Deposits so I can find Withdrawals that don't have a matching deposit.
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Board Service Announcements (Altcoins)
Re: CoinTracking - Profit/Loss Portfolio and Tax Reporting for Digital Currencies
by
rdnkjdi
on 16/08/2022, 22:22:44 UTC
Hey guys, just to re-iterate whoever built this it is increadibly useful and better than any of the other tax software I tried. Which were three of the other biggest names.

There is one thing I'm trying to do. Is there any way to filter "Withdrawals" that do not have a corresponding "Deposit"? I need to resolve a bunch of stuff manually on transactions that were withdrawn to a wallet that the system can't import that I will need to add manually.
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Board Service Announcements (Altcoins)
Re: CoinTracking - Profit/Loss Portfolio and Tax Reporting for Digital Currencies
by
rdnkjdi
on 28/07/2022, 14:08:38 UTC
All leveraged trades are imported as PnL data (profit and loss as a result of a closed position) provided by the exchange. Those PnL data are e.g. imported as transaction types "margin loss" and "margin profit". See this FAQ as well: How is Margin Loss Δ (delta) calculated ? (https://cointracking.freshdesk.com/a/solutions/articles/29000037668?lang=en)
And the exchanges have to provide those PnL data as we cannot calculate them on our own. So you can make them aware of those PnL data which are needed.


The problem is - I'm trying to hunt down some descrepancies and I don't want it importing transactions AFTER 2022.01.01. It is importing transactions from Solana wallets & I don't want to delete the jobs, is there a way to pause the auto imports?
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Topic
Board Service Announcements (Altcoins)
Re: CoinTracking - Profit/Loss Portfolio and Tax Reporting for Digital Currencies
by
rdnkjdi
on 02/05/2022, 01:02:19 UTC
I am working on my taxes - and it appears the software is automatically importing my Solana address transactions. Is there a way I can stop this?

In order to get the information correct, I have to pull some of the transactions with the software automatically, and I have to pull other parts (NFT trading, staking etc) from another software and import the CSV information.

It messes me up to automatically import, how do I stop this? I don't want it to import transactions again, it needs to be manual.
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Board Service Announcements (Altcoins)
Re: CoinTracking - Profit/Loss Portfolio and Tax Reporting for Digital Currencies
by
rdnkjdi
on 04/02/2022, 15:18:46 UTC
Hello again! I am having an issue with my tax bill being much higher than anticipated ( Undecided). I think this may have to do with how sales are accounted for. My actual average buy for Solana is $35ish but on this report it's saying it is $$94.

I am trying to understand how the program is doing it's accounting and how to split my funds into different accounts. I purchased 10,000 Solana that I staked and never moved. With that additional 1,500 Solana I moved around and traded. It feels like the program isn't keeping those accounts separate and ultimately raising the price of my purchased Solana when it should be going off of the 1,500 being traded back and forth (I've tried last in / first out & optimized calculation).

What are some good reports to see the breakdown (I anticipated about 1/2 of the capital gains I am seeing.). Would it help to earmark 10,000 Solana into a "staking" group & the other into a "trading" group - does the program require that?
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Board Service Announcements (Altcoins)
Re: CoinTracking - Profit/Loss Portfolio and Tax Reporting for Digital Currencies
by
rdnkjdi
on 03/02/2022, 19:47:36 UTC
Ok I am running into a new problem. I've painstakingly gone thru entire transaction history as CoinTracker doesn't recognize NFT trades on the Solana blockchain. Even though I have these formatted correctly, it will not import them. (See screenshot)

I have been thru hours and hours and hours of partially supported features from three tax programs. Please help ...
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Board Service Announcements (Altcoins)
Re: CoinTracking - Profit/Loss Portfolio and Tax Reporting for Digital Currencies
by
rdnkjdi
on 24/01/2022, 15:40:00 UTC
I wasn't pushing the "Generate new tax report now" button because I'm a brainlet
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Board Service Announcements (Altcoins)
Re: CoinTracking - Profit/Loss Portfolio and Tax Reporting for Digital Currencies
by
rdnkjdi
on 24/01/2022, 02:46:23 UTC
Ok I'm about to lose my mind.

I'm manually importing a file with purchases of NEAR. Later, when they were deposited to exchanges (KuCoin & Binance) & sold, on the tax report it's giving me "There is no suitable purchase to this sale all purchasing pools are consumed" & it's counting my purchases with a $0 cost basis even though they have a cost basis on the purchase from the file I've imported & in CoinTracking software.

I've double checked dates, I've tried manually adding withdrawals from the wallet label I gave my imported transaction on the date it was deposited to the exchange, I've tried deleting the exchange deposits and manually adding a Transfer from my manual wallet to the exchange & nothing seems to help.

I've read these two articles. Generally, is the logic supposed to handle a purchase of an asset that later shows up in a deposit on an exchange? I feel like I'm missing something. I have "Consider all previous trades in report" checked, have "Use Depot separation (tax lots)" unchecked. What could I be missing here?

https://cointracking.freshdesk.com/en/support/solutions/articles/29000021912-warnings-in-the-tax-report-there-is-no-suitable-purchase-to-this-sale-all-purchasing-pools-consume
https://cointracking.freshdesk.com/en/support/solutions/articles/29000028707-example-transaction-sequence-wallet-exchange-wallet
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Topic
Board Service Announcements (Altcoins)
Re: CoinTracking - Profit/Loss Portfolio and Tax Reporting for Digital Currencies
by
rdnkjdi
on 24/01/2022, 02:45:54 UTC
@rdnkjdi
Which importer are you using here? CSV or Excel or a direct importer?
We have SOLANA as API(https://cointracking.info/import/sol_address/). Regarding NFTs there are often adjustments needed after importing those transactions via API.
There is an FAQ available about NFTs: How to add NFT or IDO transactions (https://cointracking.freshdesk.com/a/solutions/articles/29000038312?lang=en)

FWIW on this - it has to do with how LibreOffice Calc saves CSV files. You have to open it with a text editor and get rid of the extra line feed at the bottom or it throws the error every time no matter what the transaction is.
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Topic
Board Service Announcements (Altcoins)
Re: CoinTracking - Profit/Loss Portfolio and Tax Reporting for Digital Currencies
by
rdnkjdi
on 24/01/2022, 02:37:12 UTC
Ok I'm about to lose my mind.

I'm manually importing a file with purchases of NEAR. Later, when they were deposited to exchanges (KuCoin & Binance) & sold, on the tax report it's giving me "There is no suitable purchase to this sale all purchasing pools are consumed" & it's counting my purchases with a $0 cost basis even though they have a cost basis on the purchase from the file I've imported & in CoinTracking software.

I've double checked dates, I've tried manually adding withdrawals from the wallet label I gave my imported transaction on the date it was deposited to the exchange, I've tried deleting the exchange deposits and manually adding a Transfer from my manual wallet to the exchange & nothing seems to help.

I've read these two articles. Generally, is the logic supposed to handle a purchase of an asset that later shows up in a deposit on an exchange? I feel like I'm missing something. I have "Consider all previous trades in report" checked, have "Use Depot separation (tax lots)" unchecked. What could I be missing here?

https://cointracking.freshdesk.com/en/support/solutions/articles/29000021912-warnings-in-the-tax-report-there-is-no-suitable-purchase-to-this-sale-all-purchasing-pools-consume
https://cointracking.freshdesk.com/en/support/solutions/articles/29000028707-example-transaction-sequence-wallet-exchange-wallet
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Board Service Announcements (Altcoins)
Re: CoinTracking - Profit/Loss Portfolio and Tax Reporting for Digital Currencies
by
rdnkjdi
on 23/01/2022, 22:15:18 UTC
Yeah I have something that can output the correct CSV formats with the NFT trades on Solana. Everything is kinda half supported everywhere though. I may have to go thru and manually do all my NFTs.

Let me ask - is there a way for me to delete a single file or source I've imported (vs having to delete all transactions)?
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Topic
Board Service Announcements (Altcoins)
Re: CoinTracking - Profit/Loss Portfolio and Tax Reporting for Digital Currencies
by
rdnkjdi
on 22/01/2022, 16:33:21 UTC
Hey guys, I think I've paid for 3 different crypto tax services now trying to find one that will work o.0. I'm having difficulty understanding something. I have a bunch of NFT transactions on Solana that I'm trying to resolve.

To test, I've done a test import that is 4 simple transactions. 1 - Deposit. 2 - Purchase 30 Sol. 3 - Purchase NFT asset. 4 - Sell NFT asset.

It is giving me a weird error "No valid tx-type. This transaction will not be imported." In addition - it's like it is duplicating the Sell NFT asset. It does import this transaction & appears to be calculating things correctly but I have an enormously complicated data set & am trying to work thru each error individually. What's happening here?