1. Learn how blockchain works
Goldman Sachs says blockchain technology has the potential to redefine transactions and will change everything. But anyone who claims to fully understand how blockchain works, and is not named Satoshi Nakamoto, is probably lying to you. And anyone who claims to be Nakamoto himself, is probably also lying to you. Fortunately, just like the internet, you dont need to know how blockchain works to use it.

But here are the basics a blockchain is a continuously growing list of records, called blocks, which are linked and secured using cryptography. By design, blockchains are inherently resistant to modification of the data, and serve as a public ledger of transactions between two parties. To date, the best analogy Ive heard for blockchain compares it to a Google Document

The traditional way of sharing documents with collaboration is to send a Microsoft Word document to another recipient, and ask them to save the document, make revisions to it, and send it back. The problem with this scenario was that you needed to wait to receive a return copy before you could see or make changes to the document. You are locked out of editing it until the other person is done with it. Thats how banks work todaythey maintain money balances and transfer money by briefly locking access to the account (or decreasing the balance) while they make the transfer, then they update the other side, then re-open access (or update the balance).
With a Google Doc, all parties have access to the same document at the same time, and the most up-to-date version of that document is always visible and editable to all parties. This real-time shared Google Doc is just like a distributed blockchain ledger. The real version of the transaction is verified by analyzing all the available blocks on multiple computers and taking the average.
The decentralized and transparent nature is what makes blockchain highly secure and almost impossible to hack, because a hack to one ledger would cause a discrepancy in the entire network that will be ignored. Functionally, to hack the ledger one would have to hack all the computers on a network at the exact same time in order to change the average. For a currency like bitcoin, this would mean millions of computers. So the larger the network, the more stable the currency.

2. Learn the top currencies
Bitcoin is here to stay. But the world of virtual currencies is getting crowded with many other altcoins. There are over 100 types of cryptocurrency that sell for more than $1 USD, according to CoinMarketCap. Even more are in penny-stock range, but I dont recommend trading them right now.

There are over 100 cryptocurrencies trading over $1 USD, with a market cap just under $150 billion. Bitcoin accounts for over 50% of the entire market. Source: CoinMarketCap
Whats important to note is that bitcoin accounts for about 50% of the entire cryptocurrency market, and has the highest volume. It is undoubtedly the most important currency today. Youll also notice a difference between the original version of bitcoin, Bitcoin Classic (BTC), and a newer version of bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash (BCH). Bitcoin Cash is a spinoff off of the original bitcoin blockchain. Im not going to get into the technical differences between Bitcoin Classic and Bitcoin Cash, but understand they are separate currencies. So far, Bitcoin Classic seems to be favored by the public over Bitcoin Cash, and has an 8X higher market cap. But when people say bitcoin (lowercase) they could be referring to to either currency.

The other two currencies I would pay attention to are Ethereum (~40% the size of Bitcoin, also known as Ether), and the smaller and more volatile Ripple and Litecoin. Despite a smaller market cap, Litecoin enjoys higher trading volume than Bitcoin Cash and Ripple, likely because its one of the three currencies accepted by the #1 digital currency wallet, Coinbase.

3. Understand all inherent risks
Bitcoin is more volatile than practically any other type of asset, including gold or the stock market. Cryptocurrency is still a young technology, and faces many challenges. While I believe the overall trend for bitcoin is upwards, trading this currency comes with considerable risk. Bitcoin prices are highly impacted by public sentiment about the currency. It will continue to fluctuate as companies and financial institutions make decisions of how to incorporate (or not incorporate) it into their businesses and workflow. Its also highly sensitive to regulatory changes, as I will get to in a minute.

To give an example, in early June 2017, Bitcoin was trading at $2,983, before losing 30% of its value a month later in Julycrashing to $1,992. Then it climbed up to $4,764 in September, posting an impressive 139% gain.

What goes up must come down, eventually.
Then as I sit here and write this on September 3rd, 2017, the Chinese government announced a few hours ago that they are banning all organizations and individuals from raising funds through Initial Coin Offering (ICO). They barred all banks and financial institutions from doing business related to ICO trading. This is significant news, although not a surprise to many people, as representatives from the Peoples Bank of China and China Securities Regulatory Commission had previously criticized ICOs as an unauthorized fundraising tool that may open the door to financial scams. (I will explain ICOs in the last section).

The news of the ICO ban in China had bitcoin trading down 12%, Ethereum down 23% and Litecoin down as much as 32%, as shown below. So dont go throwing your entire savings account into Litecoin just yet, and being bullish long-term doesnt mean it will get there smoothly.

High risk, high reward in trading cryptocurrencies.
There is also risk inherent to the exchange itself. Just like the cash in your wallet, the safety of your bitcoins or other currencies depend on your own diligence. While your bitcoins cannot disappear, the transactions are permanent and can only be refunded by the recipient. This means you should only do business with people and organizations you know and trust, or who have an established reputation.

Remember, bitcoin transactions are stored publicly and permanently on a network, which means that anyone can see the balance and transactions of any bitcoin address. However, only the bitcoin exchanges and/or the parties involved in the transaction can attach the addresses to a real person. So for the most part, the transactions are anonymous.

Other trustworthy exchanges I considered before deciding on Coinbase were (in no particular order): Bitsquare, Bitstamp, ShapeShift, Kraken, Poloniex, CoinMamma and Gemini.

4. Read bitcoin news every day
Dont miss a day learning about bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.
Here are some great websites to bookmark for bitcoin news and discussion boards. The combined content here could keep you busy for at least a year.

5. Open a brokerage account
Coinbase is one of the most trusted and well-known exchanges for buying and selling Bitcoin, Ethereum and Litecoin. They are essentially a digital wallet for your cryptocurrencies, and their iPhone and Android app make sending currency and tracking prices super simple.

Coinbases iOS app for buying/selling bitcoin.
What I like about Coinbase is they meet all the regulatory requirements in the countries they operate, and they have two distinctly separate but integrated products: Coinbase for buying and selling bitcoin or sending them to friends, and Global Digital Asset Exchange (GDAX) for more advanced and precise trading.

Previously, the GDAX was called the Bitcoin Exchange, but mid-2016 they decided to rebrand. From a product standpoint, you can tell they built GDAX with their own engineers, as the user experience is similar to Coinbase.

You can signup for Coinbase using my referral code, and youll get $10 in free bitcoin to play around with.

I would start by making a Coinbase account, then graduate over to GDAX once you feel comfortable. You can instantaneously transfer currencies between the two exchanges for free, which is really nice.

6. Fund your account
Once you create an account on Coinbase (or another exchange), you will need to verify your identity by uploading a picture of your drivers license or passport. This only takes a few minutes, then you can fund the account.

To add a new payment method, go to Settings and Payment Methods on the dashboard. You can choose a bank account or a credit/debit card. The bank account has higher limits, but takes longer for the funds to settle. The credit/debit card has lower limits, but the transactions happen instantly. If you go bank account route, you will need to verify two deposit amounts on your account. I personally did bothI funded the account with a few grand from my checking account, and thanks to my impatience I also put few grand on my credit card just so I could get started right away.

Keep in mind, Coinbase charges a 3.99% processing fee for all credit card transactions. Id recommend using a credit card that gives you at least 3% cash back so you can offset some of the fees (Ill cover the fee structure in more detail in the next section). You can use PayPay for selling currency, buy not buying currency; for PayPal the funds are available instantly but have lower payout limits. The bank account is usually your best bet.

7. Buy and sell some bitcoin!
Once your account is funded, you can go ahead and make your first purchase. Remember, you do not have to purchase coins in full units. You can buy coins in fractions as low as one hundredth of a millionth, or about less than one-tenth of a cent at current prices. That makes bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies easy targets for speculation.

Coinbase does not charge to transfer bitcoin from one user to the other, which is the point of blockchain. But if you want to transfer money to or from an outside exchange, such as a US bank account, Coinbase charges a small conversion fee. The charge is 1.49% with a $0.15 minimum if you are using a bank account and 3.99% if you are using a credit/debit card. Id try to avoid funding with a credit card unless you get ample reward points to offset the higher fees.

For a full breakdown of their fees, click here.

Source: Coinbase.com
Lastly, if you choose the bank account payment method, the funds take 45 days to settle, and you are locked into the market price of BTC at the time of purchase. In the case above, I am buying 0.2233 BTC at a price of $4,411.93, totaling $985.32, and Im losing $14.68 in fees. I am guaranteed that price regardless how long the funds take to settle. Coinbase essentially buys the bitcoin at that time and saves them for you in a virtual vault, and releases them in your account once they receive the funds from your bank.

8. Graduate to GDAX
Once youve bought and sold a few bitcoin on Coinbase, you should graduate to the big leagues. Coinbases more advanced trading platform is called the Global Digital Asset Exchange (GDAX). It uses the same login and password as Coinbase, and you can easily transfer currency between the two platforms, which is really convenient. The GDAX features a pretty interface with real-time pricing data, order book, charting tools, trade history, and a simple buy/sell order process so you can at least pretend to be a pro.

GDAX offers institutions and professional traders the ability to trade a variety of digital currencies on a fully regulated U.S. based exchange with lower transaction fees.
Once youre comfortable with GDAX, you probably wont use Coinbase anymore. GDAX charges lower transaction fees than Coinbaseranging from 0.1% to 0.25% for takers (buyers) and 0% fee on makers (sellers), with the fees varying based on monthly trade volume.

The advantage of the Coinbase system, however, is that it is more simple, instant, and your order is guaranteed to fill, in exchange for a higher fee. On the GDAX market, the maker order is free, but you risk the order not getting filled and having to set a new price.

Below is a short Reddit post comparing GDAX vs Coinbase.

9. Study charts to find trends
If you, like me, believe that bitcoin and the entire market capitalization of cryptocurrencies will increase in value over time, then the goal is to collect as many coins as possible, getting in at the right prices, and build a strong diversified portfolio of crypto assets that you can hold.

In order to do this, you must buy the lows and let the profits run. Id recommend entering and exiting positions gradually in case the lows get lower or the highs get higher. Avoid buying/selling in big emotional or reactionary swoops, and try not to trade more than a few times a week to keep fees down and give your bets a chance to perform.

One way to tell if a stock price is over/undervalued is by reading moving averages. Moving averages are plotted on stock charts to help smooth out volatility and point out the direction a stock may be trending. As short-term moving averages (red line below) cross over long-term moving averages (black line), this sometimes is followed by accelerated movement in the price. Also pay attention to spikes in trade volume, as this may imply that strong sentiments of fear or excitement just entered the market.

There are many other strategies traders use to predict trends, which I wont get into today. These include Head and Shoulders, Trend Lines, Support and Resistance patterns and Candlesticks. Heres a great article explaining each of these in a little more detail. Within the GDAX dashboard, you will find a price chart that looks similar to the one above, accompanied by four other sections in the same viewport:

The Price Chart in GDAX shows historical prices and volume data in two views: a line chart and candlestick chart (recommended) over various historical time frames.
The Depth Chart right below the Price Chart shows a detailed visual representation of the bid and ask prices over a range of prices. You can increase or decrease the price range for the chart by using the plus or minus buttons at the top of the chart. The price in the middle of the chart is the midpoint price between the best bid and ask prices. Moving the cursor over the prices will allow you to select a price in which you can create an order. Clicking the price will fill in the buy/sell price for you automatically in the left sidebar. This chart is a useful to see how close buyers are from sellers in their ask/bid prices; the greater the surface area under the curve, the more bids there are at that price.
The Order Book shows a live view of open orders on the entire Coinbase exchange, in whats called an order ladder. There are three columns that show the market size, price and order size of each order. You can click any row and it will fill in the buy/sell price for you automatically in the left sidebar. Once you confirm the order, it will immediately show up on the order ladder and attempt to get filled.
The Open Orders section shows status of each of your open orders. It also shows filled orders. You can easily cancel any order at any time.
The Trade History on the right shows all completed orders.
On the upper-left (below) you will see a dropdown to change the currency, with nine different options. The most common views will be BTC/USD (Bitcoin), ETH/USD (Ethereum) and LTC/USD (Litecoin).

GDAX allows users to see the Price Chart, Depth Chart, Order Book, Open Orders and Trade History all in one view.
The primary goal of these charts is to determine the general direction of the currency over a specified time period, and the prices at which you would be willing to buy and/or sell the currency before it takes a correction.

Its important to specify a time horizon for your investmentsuch as short term (714 days), medium term (12 months) or long-term (612 months). I dont recommend trading on time horizons shorter than 7 days unless you have access to margin (you probably dont) or have large amounts of money to play with; otherwise, the fees will be too high relative to the returns.

10. Set limit orders, and be patient.
Once you are ready to place an order, you will accept the market price or set whats called a limit order. Limit orders provide investors and traders with a means of precisely entering a position without being victim of fluctuating prices. For example, a buy limit order can be place for $2.40 when a stock is trading around $2.50. If the price dips to $2.40, the order is automatically executed. If its a GTC (good til canceled) order, it will remain open until manually cancelled by the investor.

Once the limit order is set, be patient. Give the price time to fluctuatetesting highs and lowsand see if your limit order catches a buyer (or seller). There is no hurry to cancel you limit orders, so resist the urge to rapidly change your limit order prices. Many experienced investors will set multiple limit orders at consecutively lower prices to take advantage of a big selloff or take some profits when the price tests a new high. Limit orders are your best friend, use them.

There are other more advanced limit order options you can make such as IOC, FOC and Stop Orders that are explained in this article below.

Entering Market, Limit and Stop Orders

On the order panel, you can choose to place a market, limit, or stop order. A market order will execute immediately at
support.gdax.com
Conclusion
In future articles I will discuss in more detail some of the strategies Im using to set my limit orders. But hopefully this article serves as a comprehensive guide to getting started trading cryptocurrencies on an exchange.

One advice Id give beginner traders is to avoid falling for ICOs, or Initial Coin Offerings, in the short term and stick with the more established currencies like Bitcoin, Eurotheum and Litecoin. According to MarketWatch, an ICO is a fundraising means in which a company attracts investors looking for the next big crypto score by releasing its own digital currency in exchange. The ICO is similar to a initial public offering (IPO), but with a crypto twist and (as of now) no regulatory hoops to jump through.

A total of $1.6 billion have been globally raised via ICOs already, but as I mentioned, ICOs were recently banned in China, so the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is receiving immense pressure to propose similar rules to regulate the ICO phenomenon as well. So any US-based companies planning their ICO might want to reconsider. You can find a comprehensive list of upcoming ICOs on CoinSchedule.com, although I recommend that you look but dont touch. Now it not the time for ICOs.

Chamath Palihapitiya, founder of venture fund Social Capital, in response to Chinas ban on ICOs.
For more information about ICOs in the US market, check out Around the Coin fintech podcast with Faisal Khan and Mike Jones, CEO of Science Inc, who talks about their $50M blockchain fund ICO coming later this year.

Bitcoin, Ethereum and Litecoin have enjoyed some of the highest returns in modern investment history (Litecoin +1,762.97% since last year), so theres really no reason not to trade them. If youre patient and disciplined, you will have a good shot at making money, or at least have some fun trading.

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