The best solution is probably to not force users to hit the back button in the first place - instead display the usual comment/PM submission form with their comment already filled in and a note at the top telling them they need to wait.
That would be better, but that's a bigger change.
Not on my Firefox. I still have the form data when I hit the back button.

That's strange. I use the latest version of Firefox. It happens even when JavaScript is disabled, and I don't think the forum is sending any cache-control headers or anything.