Quote from: Hydrogen on March 19, 2018, 06:42:31 PM

Quote from: SHBlizzard on March 19, 2018, 04:38:11 AM

The 1st I.R. (Industrial Revolution) occured when the Telegram, a new power source called coal, and a new transport system (steam engine/Railroads) merged to forever change society as we know it.

The 2nd I.R. occured when the telephone/radio/TV, Oil, Cars/trucks/buses once again merged into a new platform of society.

There's no real technological paradigm shift separating the "1st industrial revolution" from the "2nd industrial revolution".

The telephone is essentially identical to a telegram system, there isn't a quantum leap of difference separating the two. The telephone is telegram 2.0. Coal and oil are both hydrocarbon based forms of energy subject to many similar emissions and greenhouse gas issues. If steam engines and locomotives are version 1.0 then cars/trucks/buses are version 2.0. Again no major upgrade between the two technologies cars and trucks utilize essentially many of the same fundamental engine principles as a locomotive: pistons, gears, valves, etc.

Quote from: SHBlizzard on March 19, 2018, 04:38:11 AM

The 3rd I.R. will occur once the Internet, renewable energy/smartgrids, new logistics (driverless cars, electric cars) all merge into the Internet of Things

I think renewable energy/smartgrids and the other things mentioned do represent a technological paradigm shift. This abstract should be labeled the 2nd industrial revolution and the one mentioned above should be tossed out.

Of course, there isn't much if any demand for consistent standards in academia.

There might not have been a technological paradigm shift, but there definitely was a societal one. before the 2nd I.R. and cars, people had to get around in horse drawn carriages to get to the train station if they wanted to get out of town. Most farmers still had cattle or horses to pull carts. after the advent of cars and the combustion engine (different from steam) society changed A LOT. I think that is the paradigm shift, a shift in society caused by the technological advances