I'll edit the op in a bit because I have more information and they've only started testing it on 40k people in a stage three trial. I think it's been proven that his daugher and the supreme court judge haven't been given doses of the virus.
It takes at least 4 years to check for side effects from adjuvants. The very fact that they need adjuvants shows that they are not natural immunity boosters.
I hope the european vaccines come with some sort of meta analysis of trials being done. I think most places are working on the same type of vaccine (with similar proteins it's meant to be fighting against on the "spiky" surface part of the virus) so we will hopefully have enough information to at least confirm its safety.
If we can get the first 2 billion doses and then 7 billion, long term immunity might not be necessary to be tested - but I don't think many people are certain for the safety of the vaccine. I think opinion polls were around 40%.
Europe will have clinical trials for the vaccine and will study any confounding effects. I would feel safe about a vetted European vaccine or a vaccine made in the states because of higher standards. Even if 40k participants in Russia test out the vaccine, I'm not sure what the standard of their studies are and whether or not they have any oversight agencies -- U.S. has the FDA.
I think the United States won't get above a 50 percent bench mark in terms of vaccinations, but iirc, the CDC said herd immunity takes place any where from 40-70 percent.
CDC urges the state to have vaccines distribution facilities ready by nov. 1, as they launches the 3rd phase U.S trial
This gives hope that by nov.1, a vaccine will be available in United States but this gives the risk of unknown side-effects due to the rushed clinical trial that normally takes 4 years to be perfectly executed. Though given that we're in a pandemic, the rush for the vaccines is extremely needed.