Anything related to a scam will damage reputation, a scam against bitcoin has a big impact on bitcoin's reputation because the scam will make new people and new investors hesitate to get involved or invest in it.
because the growth of bitcoin is influenced by the number of people who adopt and are involved in it, it is different from those who have been in bitcoin for a long time because it will be strong through it in all things including fraud, because it is based on a good knowledge and understanding of how bitcoin works, and besides that bitcoin has become a source promising income.
For a newbies that didnt know bitcoin they will easily say bitcoin is a scam because the used for bitcoin in quick rich scheme and ponzi scheme has make a lot of newbies losing their money due to low knowledge about the real used of bitcoin. So it really impact bitcoin reputation a lot in the eyes of other peoples.
But I don't think all these negative things done with bitcoin do harm it because the price is still up otherwise, bitcoin would have died a natural death. Therefore, what bitcoin is used for at the negatives won't affect it but bitcoin is moving ahead. Look at the covid-19 challenges as example and bitcoin has gone pass that side of its story and kept bulling.