Hi,
  The problem with launching cudaminer from within screen is an issue with shared library linkage against libcudart.so.

There are at least two ways of solving this.  One way is to change the cudaminer build system so that it encodes the shared library location within the executable.  To do this, I changed the Makefile so that the linkage looks like this in the two places where -lcudart shows up:
  -lcudart -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/cuda/lib64

The second way is to hack the Makefile and change cudaminer to link against libcudart_static.a (which is an alternative you can use if you compile with CUDA 5.5).

Using either solution, the problems with screen go away completely and it works as it should:

sphere - johns:/home/johns/cudaminer/mine/src.20140228/CudaMiner-2014-02-28 % screen -dm ./cudaminer --algo=scrypt -C 2 -d "Quadro 6000" -l F28x16 -D --benchmark
sphere - johns:/home/johns/cudaminer/mine/src.20140228/CudaMiner-2014-02-28 % screen -ls
There is a screen on:
        5002..sphere    (Detached)
1 Socket in /var/run/screen/S-johns.

I think Christian should be able to change his autoconf stuff to allow either of those approaches without too much difficulty, but for the time being people that care can simply hack the generated Makefile to cure this problem.

Cheers,
  John Stone