Cursory web searches don't throw up much at me, though the 2010 value overflow appears (to me, at least) an example of how a lack of client diversity in Bitcoin could lead to network failure.
Does seem to further back the case or need for client diversity though, no? =)
I would say yes. Few of the CVE happened on mainnet, which had to be fixed by making block from specific height (which violate Bitcoin protocol) invalid. Such action would be less tolerated today and would harm Bitcoin reputation.