I believe the limit OP is encountering is not a fundamental limitation of Bitcoin or HD wallets. Instead it's a Gap limit by Trezor.
The issue is the gap limit on Trezor Suite. You can use Trezor hardware wallet on other software wallet that is supporting it. A good example of wallet that you can use Trezor hardware wallet is Electrum.
Having addresses above certain gap limit is kind of frustrating. I remember a time I use iancoleman to generate 50000 address from a seed phrase, it took me almost 2 hours.