What kind of people benefit and what kind of people lose on a bitcoin standard? How would it impact big companies, banks, and governments, and how would adoption speed affect all of that?
The people who benefit are those who purchased large amounts of Bitcoin at a low price but have consistently held it to date, thus indirectly benefiting from the increase in Bitcoin's price. Meanwhile, the people who are harmed are those who disposed of Bitcoin more quickly after purchasing it, perhaps due to panic after seeing false news about Bitcoin. As for the impact on Bitcoin adoption in the key sectors you mentioned, such as banks, governments, and corporations, this depends heavily on their level of trust in Bitcoin, as those who believe in Bitcoin will routinely buy it without any fear.